Improvement



BENjAMsN WALLIS.

Improvement in Brik Kins.

Pateedljune 6,1871.

M?? Irwin? ,2%

3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

BENJAMINWALLIS.

Improvement iin Brick Kilns.

3 Sheets--Sheet 3.

BENMMiN WALLIS.

Improvement in Brick Kins.

Patented lune 6,1871.

No: l5,793.

-oi' a consecutive series of compartments, di-

BENJAMIN WALLIS, 0F BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

IMPRGVEMENT EN BRICK-KILNS.

Specication forming part of Letters Patent No. 115,793, dated June 6, 1871.

To all 'whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, BENJAMIN WALLIS, of Baltimore, inthe county of Baltimore and State of Maryland, have invented certain Improve ments in Brick-Knus, and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact de scription thereof, reference being had to the annexed drawing making part oi' `this specii cation, in Which- Figure l is a horizontal section of one oi the compartments of a continuous kiln taken on the line x .c of Fig. 3. Fig. 2 is another horizontal section thereof on line y y of Fig. 3. Fig. 3 is a front elevation of such a compartment partly in section. Fig. el is a vertical transverse section thereof. Fig. 5 is a horizontal section on line c a, of Fig. 7, showing a compartment oi circular form. Fig. 6 is another horizontal section on line b b of Fig. 7. Fig. 7 is a vertical transverse section on line c c of Fig. 5. Figs. 8 and 9 are elevations of a circular compartment covered by a dome or truncated cone-shaped roof. Fig. l() is a horizontal section, showing two compartments of a continuous or serial kiln, andthe arrange ment of the connecting-fines.

The same letters are used in all the figures to designate identical parts.

This invention relates to that class of brickkilns known as continuous kilns, and composed vided from each other by permanent Walls, but in communication one with the other by lues controlled by dampers and in which the furnaces of the diilerent compartments a-re fired successively to Akeep the burning process up uninterruptedly. My improvements consist in the details of construction and arrangement of such a kiln, as will be more specifically pointed out in the snbj oined description and claim.

To enable those skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe its construction and operation.

Where the kiln is of a rectangular form the space in'closed by the inner and outer Walls is divided, by permanent partition-Walls, into the required number of compartments A, each one of a size sucient to receive from ten to thirty thousand" brick, more or less. Each compartment is provided on one side with a door or passage Way, A1, for charging and dis charging it. The door A2 is elevated above ground so as to admit of the furnaces B being built under the same, for the purpose of a more equable distribution ci' the heat through the mass ot' green bricks. products of combustion pass from the furnaces under the door of the'compartment to a trench or flue, (l, dividing it longitudinally into two equa-l parts, as clearly shovvn'in Figs. l, 2, and 4. This flue is uncovered or open on top. The green bricks are stacked, in the usual manner, on the iloor ol' the compartment on either side of this flue C, so as to leave a space between the piles of the Width ofthe iiue irom the bottom to the top', and from end to end of the compartment, forming a chamber, C', for the collection of the heated gases and products of combustion coming from the furnaces. After a compartment has been charged with green bricks its top is closed air-tight, in the usual manner, by two or more layers or brick resting upon the top oi'v those to be burned. A vertical liuc, l), is formed on each side oi' the compartment, opposite to the central line and chamber C G', oy the exterior Walls and interior pigeoirholed Walls il. These lines eX- tend the entire length of the compartment, and from the door to the top of the same, communicating with the chimneys or 11p-takes E, of which there may be iour to each compartment, two for each lue D, as shown. Steampipes E', with jets directed into the furnaces and upward into the rip-takes, are used to increase the draft while driving oii' the Watersmoke from the green bricks. The heated gases and products ci' combustion passing from the furnaces into the nue C are collected in the hot-air chamber C', from which they are drawn and distributed through the interstitial spaces oi' the masses ci' brick on either side, and escape, ultimately, through the pigeon-holedwalls D', into the ilues D and out of the chimneys E. As soon as the Water-smoke has been drawn oft' from the bricks in the lirst compartment the steam-jets in the lip-takes are turned oft and the latter closed on top by dampers for that purpose, but the fires are kept up to burn the brick. rllhe surplus heat from the first compartment passes through a liuc, F, arranged along the partition-Walls, and communicating with the vertical ues D, into the lue C of the next com- The heated gases and Q tiene@ partment, as best seen in Fig. 10, to be utilized in driving off the Water-smoke of the green bricks therein and assist in burning them. This connecting-nue F is divided or separated from the iiue G of the lirst compartment by a Wall, as shown, and is provided With dampers F F to shut off communication With the vertical flues D D When necessary. To ignite the heated gases in the chamber between the piles of bricks, I provide them With the required amount of oxygen by passing atmospheric air, either by a natural or forced draf't, into such chamber through a series of passages, G G, Which may be formed in the Walls dividing the furnaces, so as t0 heat the air in its passage to the chamber and cause it to bein a better condition to unite with the heated gases therein. Simultaneously With opening the dampers F" F to allow the surplus heat from the first compartment to pass into the second, the iires in the latter are kindled, and the above process is repeated here, and so on through all the remaining compartments.

In a continuous kiln the number of ccmpartments is such that by the time the Watersmoke is off from the bricks in the last compartment of the series the bricks in the first have been burned, cooled, and removed, and the compartment recharged with green bricks, so that the surplus heat from the last compartment may be vutilized in driving off the Water-smoke from the green bricks in the first one.

In the circular form of compartments I prefer to arrange the furnaces radially, in the manner shown in Fig. 5, with the hot-air-chamber in the center, from which the collected heated gases pass in all directions through the mass of green bricks surrounding it into the circular flue inclosed by the outer Wall and pigeonholed inner Wall, as in the rectangular compartment this latter iiue is connected with the central iiue of the next compartment by means of the flue indicated by the letter F in Figs.

5, 6, and 7, which Hue is controlled by a damper so as to open or shut off communication, at pleasure.

It is apparent that any of the compartments is a complete kiln in itself, and may be burned off independently of the remaining compartments.

Wherethe kiln is to be Worked at all seasons of the year a permanent shed may be built over it; or it may be inclosed by an outer building With the chimneys projecting through the roof of the latter.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In combination with thefurnaces B, door A2, and pigeon-holed Walls D belonging to the permanent structure of the kiln, a chamber, C', extending to thecover of the kiln, as shown 'in Fig. 4, formed in piling the V green bricks,

and openings through said green bricks for conduct-ing the draft horizontally from the chamber C through said openings into the flues, substantially as set forth.

2. The air-passages G, in combination with the hot-air chamber C C', substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. In a series of compartments or kilns, A, the flue F, in combination With the flues D of one kiln and the flue and hot-air chamber C C of the next, said connecting-flue F being controlled by suitable dampers, and arranged substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of tWo subscribing Witnesses.

BENJN. WALLIS.

Witnesses:

A. RUPPERT,

B. EDW. J. EILs. 

